每日外刊 | 0311-一窝猪的哼唧:科学家们运用人工智能解读猪言猪语_人工智能_围场
背景知识
早在2017年,一位资深动物行为专家称,未来10年内,我们利用一种手机大小的装置便能与动物进行“对话”。康·斯洛波奇柯夫(Con Slobodchikoff)教授正在研制一项最新技能,能够“翻译”草原土拨鼠的叫声,该技能将终极用于与其它动物之间进行沟通互换。
科学家利用算法区分与积极感情和悲观感情干系的叫声。不同的声音表示各种感情,反应积极的情形,例如和同胞兄弟姐妹挤在一起、吃母乳、四处跑来跑去以及和家庭成员团圆,以及从小猪斗殴、冲撞、阉割和在屠宰场等待等悲观情形。研究职员创造,在悲观情形下会涌现更尖锐的尖叫声。无论它们的处境如何,都能听到低沉的哼哼声和吠叫声。不过短匆匆的哼哼声常日是猪心满意足的好迹象。
正文阅读
Grunt of the litter: scientists use AI to decode pig calls
一窝猪的哼唧:科学家们利用人工智能解读猪言猪语
Never mind trouncing humans at video games and the ancient pursuits of chess and Go. Researchers have now harnessed the power of artificial intelligence to infer how pigs are feeling on the basis of their grunts. Scientists believe that the AI pig translator – which turns oinks, snuffles, grunts and squeals into emotions – could be used to automatically monitor animal wellbeing and pave the way for better livestock treatment on farms and elsewhere.
暂且不夸(人工智能)在电子游戏和古老的国际象棋和围棋中能轻松降服人类。研究职员现在已利用人工智能,能根据猪的哼唧声来推断它们的感想熏染。科学家们认为,人工智能猪语翻译器(可以将哼唧声、鼻音、咕噜声和尖叫声翻译身分歧感情)可以用于自动监测动物的康健状况,并为农场和其他地方更好地对待畜生铺平道路。
“We have trained the algorithm to decode pig grunts,” said Dr Elodie Briefer, an expert in animal communication who co-led the work at the University of Copenhagen. “Now we need someone who wants to develop the algorithm into an app that farmers can use to improve the welfare of their animals.” Working with an international team of colleagues, Briefer trained a neural network to learn whether pigs were experiencing positive emotions, such as happiness or excitement, or negative emotions, such as fear and distress, using audio recordings and behavioural data from pigs in different situations, from birth through to death.
哥本哈根大学的动物互换专家、该研究的共同卖力人埃洛迪·布里弗博士说:“我们已经演习了这种算法来解码猪的叫声。”“现在我们须要有人把算法开拓成一款运用,农人可以用它来改进他们动物的福祉。”在与一组国际同事的互助中,布里弗博士演习了一个神经网络,利用猪从出生到去世亡在不同情形下的音频记录和行为数据,来理解猪是否正在经历积极的感情(如快乐或愉快)或悲观的感情(如恐怖和痛楚)。
Writing in the journal Scientific Reports, the researchers describe how they used the AI to analyse the acoustic signatures of 7,414 pig calls recorded from more than 400 animals. While most of the recordings came from farms and other commercial settings, others came from experimental enclosures where pigs were given toys, food and unfamiliar objects to nose around and explore.
研究职员在《科学报告》杂志上撰文,描述了他们如何利用人工智能来剖析400多只畜生的7414份猪叫的声学特色。虽然大多数录音来自农场和其他商业场所,但也有一些来自实验围场,在实验围场,猪被给予玩具、食品和不熟习的物体以探索。
今日单词
grunt /ɡrʌnt/ n.模拟猪哼哼的声音;litter /ˈlɪtər/ n.(动物一胎所生的)一窝幼崽;AI /ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ abbr.人工智能(artificial intelligence);decode /ˌdiːˈkoʊd/ vt.破译,译解(密码信息);trounce /traʊns/ vt.轻松降服; 大胜;chess /tʃes/ n.国际象棋;Go /ɡoʊ/ n.围棋;harness /ˈhɑːrnɪs/ vt.利用;infer /ɪnˈfɜːr/ vt.推断;on the basis of 根据;基于……;translator /trænsˈleɪtər/ n.翻译器;oink /ɔɪŋk/ n.(猪叫声)哼;snuffle /ˈsnʌfl/ n.鼻塞;鼻音;squeal /skwiːl/ n.尖叫声;automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/ adv.自动地;monitor /ˈmɑːnɪtər/ vt.监视;检讨;wellbeing /ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ/ n.幸福;福利;pave the way for 为……做好准备;为……铺平道路;livestock /ˈlaɪvstɑːk/ n.畜生,家畜;algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ n.算法;打算程序;co- pref. 一起;共同;联合;welfare /ˈwelfer/ n.(个体或群体的)幸福,安全与康健;neural network 神经网络;distress /dɪˈstres/ n.忧虑;悲哀;痛楚;audio recording 录音;behavioural data 行为数据;journal /ˈdʒɜːrnl/ n.(某学科或专业的)报纸,刊物,杂志;analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt.剖析,分解;acoustic /əˈkuːstɪk/ adj.声音的;signature /ˈsɪɡnətʃər/ n.明显特色;光鲜特色;enclosure /ɪnˈkloʊʒər/ n.圈用地;围场;nose around 找寻,探听;查探;素材来源
文本选自:The Guardian(卫报)
作者:Ian Sample
原文发布韶光:8 Mar. 2022
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